Anderson took six for 47 in 14.4 overs, including a spell of four for seven in 10 balls after lunch, as Australia were released inside 37 overs.
It was an amazing turnaround after the 32-year-old Lancastrian had run wicketless with match figures of none for 137 in Australia's devastating 405-run triumph in the second Test at Ruler's which leveled this five-match arrangement at 1-1.
In the interim quick bowler Steven Finn had figures of two for 38 in 10 overs having been reviewed for his first Test in two years, after Durham fast Check Wood was precluded in view of lower leg issues.
Australia were obliged to opener Chris Rogers' 52, with their next best score Adam Voges' 16.
This was Rogers' ninth fifty in 11 Test innings and came after he was cleared to play taking after a parity issue in the internal ear created by being hit on the protective cap by an Anderson bouncer throughout his Test-best 173 at Lord's.
At tea, Britain were seven without misfortune in 3.5 overs after the fourth rain interference of the day. Adam Lyth, was one not out and Britain commander Alastair Cook six not out.
At Lord's, where Australia drew level after Britain won the first Test in Cardiff by 169 runs, Anderson had been disappointed by a tranquil pitch with no sideways development.
The conditions were perfect for prestigious swing bowler Anderson, with batsmen incapable basically to hit through the line of straight conveyances.
Anderson required an insignificant eight balls to take his first wicket on Wednesday when David Warner, Rogers' kindred left-gave opener, was lbw on the back foot for two.
The 26-year-old Finn, playing his first Test subsequent to the 2013 Fiery remains opener and considered "unselectable" after issues with his activity saw him sent home ahead of schedule as Britain endured a 5-0 whipping in Australia in 2013/14, then took two wickets for two keeps running in nine balls.
Steven Smith, the world's number one positioned Test batsman taking after his Test-best 215 at Lord's, succumbed to seven when squared up by a decent length ball he edged low to Cook at first slip.
Finn's fabulous yorker then clean knocked down some pins Clarke for only 10.
Australia, 72 for three at lunch, had no response to Anderson in the second session.
All-rounder Mitchell Swamp was gotten behind for a duck and wicket-manager Subside Nevill, held in spite of Brad Haddin being accessible again in the wake of missing the second Test as a result of his girl's evil wellbeing, endured the shame of being knocked down some pins for two when intentionally leaving the ball.
It had appeared that Rogers may bat through the whole innings. Be that as it may, his more than three-and-a-half hours of resistance finished when he was lbw to Expansive, having confronted 89 balls including nine fours.
Anderson wrapped up the innings when he knocked down some pins last man Nathan Lyon (11). (AFP)